Evaluation methods of providing anaerobic
The benefit in various competitions in Athletics is achieved only through a large contribution of glycolytic metabolism in order to be able to use an energy source of great power. Thus, the yield capacity of athletes is not only dependent on energy reserves and metabolic compensation mechanisms, but also the ability of athletes to produce and tolerate high concentrations of lactate (24). To this end the use of tests for assessment of anaerobic performance has been a concern of many researchers in demand parameters evaluators of such effort. However, the maximal anaerobic power, the enzyme activity and the percentage of fast fibers are different between athletes of different disciplines, and the maximum values of lactate obtained in a maximum effort, reflecting a direct relationship between the utilization of glycogen and the amount of existing fast fibers muscle.
The vertical jump, strength, muscular endurance and blood lactate are indicators commonly used to assess provision anaerobic presenting a very high correlation with the percentage of fast fibers. This fact is evident when, for example, compare the amount of fast fibers from middle distance runners (47.8%) athletes and background (34.6%).
Thus, several different techniques have been used to quantify the levels of anaerobic provision, including measurements of metabolites of muscle activity, oxygen debt and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit. In anaerobic evaluation can thus be used invasive and noninvasive. The invasive measurements allow us to obtain information about the anaerobic work, including through measurements of the levels of ATP, PCr and lactate, while other indirect methods usually give us estimated values with lower reliability.
However, when we try to apply group and various tests to evaluate the ability of anaerobic performance, come to us many terminological problems, for once, they even generate disagreements among different authors on the acceptance of various methods of assessment. Some authors differentiate between methods of assessment tests through many short and short, the former having a maximum length of 10 "and the second one lasting 20 to 60". The anaerobic provision can also be defined in terms of anaerobic power, to work up to 10 ", anaerobic capacity (intermediate between 10 and 30) and anaerobic capacity of long duration (30-90).
Other authors define the testing of performance evaluation tests on anaerobic anaerobic short, medium and long-lasting effort respectively 10-10, 20-50, and long lasting between 60 and 120. " In this context and taking account of this controversy, we chose to characterize the anaerobic tests as follows:
1. Tests to assess anaerobic power alact - Efforts to last up to 10 "maximum effort.
2. Tests to assess lactic anaerobic power - Effort duration between 20 to 50 "maximum effort.
3. Tests to assess lactic anaerobic capacity - Efforts to last between 60 and 120 "maximum effort.
- Test run
To evaluate the ability to race in various ways, several protocols were developed specific to certain modalities. Can be performed several different tests assessing yield decreases at different stages of a race and income differences between different races. All these data can be downloaded and linked, may still be possible to use belts ergometric measurements of VO2 and blood lactate in different distances. Distances used for such tests are usually very short, ranging between 10 and 60m.
- Testing isokinetic maximum
The isokinetic tests to assess anaerobic performance for certain muscle groups can be tailored to the needs of each modality. They may, for example, to develop specific protocols to assess anaerobic performance of the flexor and extensor leg to runners. Thus, it becomes possible to determine differences between runners about their muscle power in accordance with specific needs that each muscle involves competition. Anyway, this type of test is always conducted in laboratory situation very determined.
- Two Speed Test
The test is performed in a two-speed lane 400m synthetic, with the completion of two repetitions in a given distance, the first being traveled at a submaximal intensity (80-85%) in order to obtain lactate concentrations between 4 and 6 mmol / L and the second at a maximum intensity (> 95%) with final concentrations of lactate above 10 mmol / L. The duration of the levels should be 30 "to 6 ', according to the protocol defined, however, to evaluate the power (up to 60") or anaerobic capacity, the duration should not exceed 2' effort. After each repetition, are obtained by blood collection in the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th and 12th minutes after exercise in order to be able to find the maximum value of lactate. The recovery time between the two repetitions should be about 25 ', to enable a full recovery from stress. Distances are normally used are between 300m (for runners from 800 to 1500) and 1750m (for marathoners). However, the choice of shorter distances induce overvaluation of the results, it is therefore necessary that the definition of distances for the test are consistent with the distance competition and the type of assessment to be achieved. The adoption of distances naturally induces a higher aerobic contribution higher and can therefore be used also for this test evaluation of aerobic capacity.
Retirado do site: http://www.educacaofisica.com.br/biblioteca/ no link Treinamentos (Por Paulo Colaço)
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